Glossary

Road which is assigned permanent traffic priority over other roads.

In landscape ecology, the background habitat or land use type in a mosaic, characterised by extensive cover and high connectivity. See also ‘Mosaic’.

The strip of land separating the lanes of a dual carriegeway road or a motorway, which separates traffic flowing in opposite directions. Often vegetated with grass, shrubs and/or trees. Synonym: 'Central reservation'.

A set of local populations within an area, where typically migration from one local population to at least some others is necessary to sustain local population numbers. The metapopulation may have a higher persistence than the single local populations.

A set of measurements that quantifies results.

Small?scale differences in habitat.

The regular, usually seasonal, movement of all or part of an animal population to and from a given area. Usually undertaken by some species in response to changing seasons or climatic events, such as rainfall.

See 'Reduction'.

Action to reduce the severity of, or eliminate, an adverse impact.

A framework for managing risks and potential impacts related to biodiversity and ecosystem services. It includes the following hierarchical but iterative actions to manage impacts: Avoid, Reduce or Minimise, Restore, and Compensate. These are often described as the four steps on the mitigation hierarchy which can also be summarised in 3 steps: Avoid, Reduce, and Compensate, when restoration actions are included as part of reduction or compensation measures.

Any kind of sensor mounted on a mobile vector. Mobile vectors can therefore be satellites, vehicles, aeroplanes, UAVs, etc. In practice, MRS is generally deployed for specific reasons and with a specific purpose.

“Different ways of transporting people and goods (e.g. air, road, rail, maritime, inland waters, cycling, walking, etc.).”

A process driven by the evaluation goals that combines repeated observations and measurements taken over time, usually to assess the temporal change in a parameter or in response to a disturbance/intervention or to quantify the performance of a plan/project, measure or action against a set of predetermined indicators, criteria or objectives. In the framework of transport ecology, monitoring is a key tool which begins with the design of the monitoring programme.

The pattern of patches and corridors embedded in a matrix (in this case, within a landscape). See also ‘Matrix’.

Road with dual carriageways and at least two lanes each way separated by a central reservation called ‘median’. All entrances and exits are signposted and all interchanges are grade separated.”

Pertaining to more than one 'mode' of transport.

Structure built over transport infrastructure with multiple functions including the movement of fauna. It combines wildlife and human uses such as small forestry roads, cattle passages or pedestrian paths. Modifications are included to encourage use by wildlife such as addition of strips covered by natural materials and vegetation, and screens to reduce traffic disturbance when required. Combined with perimeter fencing that funnels the animals to the structure.

Structure built under transport infrastructure with multiple functions including the movement of fauna. It combines wildlife and human uses such as small forestry roads, cattle or pedestrian passages. A drainage function including streams or other small waterways inside the structure is also compatible and may even lead fauna through the passage. These underpasses may include modifications to increase wildlife use such as fencing to funnel the animals, adaptation of vegetation at the entrances and measures to avoid excessive pooling of water. Combined with perimeter fencing that funnels the animals to the structure and with screens to reduce light and noise disturbance from traffic when required.